The First KMT and CCP Alliance—A Parasite Infiltrates to the Core and Sabotages the Northern Expedition [14]
The CCP has always taught its people that Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the National Revolution movement [15], forcing the CCP to rise in armed revolt.
In reality, the CCP is a parasite or possessing specter. It cooperated with the KMT in the first KMT-CCP alliance for the sake of expanding its influence by taking advantage of the national revolution. Moreover, the CCP was eager to launch the Soviet-supported revolution and seize power, and its desire for power in fact destroyed and betrayed the National Revolution movement.
At the Second National Congress of the CCP in July 1922, those opposing the alliance with the KMT dominated the congress, because the party members were anxious to seize power. However, the Comintern vetoed the resolution reached in the congress and ordered the CCP to join the KMT.
During the first KMT-CCP alliance, the CCP held its Fourth National Congress in Shanghai in January 1925 and raised the question of leadership in China before Sun Yat-sen [16] died on March 12, 1925. Had he not died, he, instead of Chian Kai-shek would have been the target the CCP aimed at in its quest for power.
With the support of the Soviet Union, the CCP wantonly seized political power inside the KMT during its alliance with the CCP. Tan Pingshan (1886-1956, one of the early leaders of CCP in Guangdong province) became the minister of the Central Personnel Department of the KMT. Feng Jupo (1899-1954, one of the early leaders of CCP in Guangdong province), secretary of the Ministry of Labor, was granted full power to deal with all labor-related affairs. Lin Zuhan (or Lin Boqu, 1886-1960, one of the earliest CCP members) was the Minister of Rural Affairs, while Peng Pai (1896-1929, one of the CCP leaders) was secretary of this Ministry. Mao Zedong assumed the position of acting propaganda minister of the KMT Propaganda Ministry. The military schools and leadership of the military were always the focus of the CCP: Zhou Enlai held the position of director of the Politics Department of the Huangpu (Whampoa) Military Academy, and Zhang Shenfu (or Zhang Songnian, 1893-1986, one of the founders of CCP who introduced Zhou Enlai to join the CCP) was its associate director. Zhou Enlai was also Chief of the Judge Advocates Section, and he planted Russian military advisers here and there. Many Communists held the positions of political instructors and faculty in KMT military schools. CCP members also served as KMT Party representatives at various levels of the National Revolutionary Army. [17] It was also stipulated that without a Party representative’s signature, no order would be deemed effective. As a result of this parasitic attachment to the National Revolution movement, the number of the CCP members increased drastically from less than 1000 in 1925 to 30,000 by 1928.
The Northern Expedition started in February of 1926. From October 1926 to March 1927, the CCP launched three armed rebellions in Shanghai. Later, it attacked the Northern Expedition military headquarters but failed. The pickets for the general strikes in Guangdong province engaged in violent conflicts with the police every day. Such uprisings caused the April 12 purge of the CCP by the KMT in 1927. [18]
In August 1927, the CCP members within the KMT Revolutionary Army initiated the Nanchang Rebellion, which was quickly suppressed. In September, the CCP launched the Autumn Harvest Uprising to attack Changsha, but that attack was suppressed as well. The CCP began to implement a network of control in the army whereby “Party branches are established at the level of the company in the army,” and it fled to the Jinggangshan Mountain area in Jiangxi Province, [19] establishing rule over the countryside there.
The Hunan Peasant Rebellion—Inciting the Scum of Society to Revolt
During the Northern Expedition, when the National Revolutionary Army was at war with the warlords, the CCP instigated rebellions in the rural areas in an attempt to capture power.
The Hunan Peasant Rebellion in 1927 was a revolt of the riffraff, the scum of society, as was the well-known Paris Commune of 1871—the first Communist revolt. French nationals and foreigners in Paris at the time witnessed that the Paris Commune was a group of destructive roving bandits with no vision. Living in exquisite buildings and large mansions and eating extravagant and luxurious meals, they cared only about enjoying their momentary happiness and worried about nothing ahead. During the rebellion of the Paris Commune, they censored the Press. They took as hostage and later shot the Archbishop of Paris, Georges Darboy, who gave sermons to the King. For their personal enjoyment they cruelly killed 64 clergymen, set fire to palaces, and destroyed government offices, private residences, monuments, and inscription columns. The wealth and beauty of the French capital had been second to none in Europe. However, during the Paris Commune uprising, buildings were reduced to ashes and people to skeletons. Such atrocities and cruelty had rarely been seen throughout history.
As Mao Zedong admitted,
It is true the peasants are in a sense ‘unruly’ in the countryside. Supreme in authority, the peasant association allowed the landlord no say and sweeps away his prestige. This amounts to striking the landlord down to the dust and keeping him there. The peasants threaten, “We will put you in the other register [the register of reactionaries]!” They fine the local tyrants and evil gentry, they demand contributions from them, and they smash their sedan-chairs. People swarm into the houses of local tyrants and evil gentry who are against the peasant association, slaughter their pigs and consume their grain. They even loll for a minute or two on the ivory-inlaid beds belonging to the young ladies in the households of the local tyrants and evil gentry. At the slightest provocation they make arrests, crown the arrested with tall paper hats, and parade them through the village, saying, “You dirty landlords, now you know who we are!” Doing whatever they like and turning everything upside down, they have created a kind of terror in the countryside. [2]
But Mao gave such “unruly” actions a full approval, saying,
To put it bluntly, it is necessary to create terror for a while in every rural area, or otherwise it would be impossible to suppress the activities of the counter-revolutionaries in the countryside or overthrow the authority of the gentry. Proper limits have to be exceeded in order to right a wrong, or else the wrong cannot be righted... Many of their deeds in the period of revolutionary action, which were seen as going too far, were in fact the very things the revolution required. [2]
Communist revolution creates a system of terror.
The “Anti-Japanese” North-Bound Operation—The Flight of the Defeated
The CCP labeled the “Long March” as a northbound anti-Japanese operation. It trumpeted the “Long March” as a Chinese revolutionary fairy tale. It claimed that the “Long March” was a “manifesto,” a “propaganda team” and a “seeding machine,” which ended with the CCP’s victory and their enemies’ defeat.
The CCP fabricated such obvious lies about marching north to fight the Japanese to cover its failures. From October 1933 to January 1934, the Communist Party suffered a total defeat. In the fifth operation by the KMT, which aimed to encircle and annihilate the CCP, the CCP lost its rural strongholds one after another. With its base areas continually shrinking, the main Red Army had to flee. This is the true origin of the “Long March.”
The “Long March” was in fact aimed at breaking out of the encirclement and fleeing to Outer Mongolia and Soviet Russia along an arc that first went west and then north. Once in place, the CCP could escape into the Soviet Union in case of defeat. The CCP encountered great difficulties when en route towards Outer Mongolia. They chose to go through Shanxi and Suiyuan. On the one hand by marching through these northern provinces, they could claim to be “anti-Japanese” and win people’s hearts. On the other hand, those areas were safe as no Japanese troops were deployed there. The area occupied by the Japanese army was along the Great Wall. A year later, when the CCP finally arrived at Shanbei (northern Shaanxi province), the main force of the Central Red Army had decreased from 80,000 to 6,000 people.
The Xi’an Incident—The CCP Successfully Sowed Dissension and Latched onto the KMT a Second Time
In December 1936, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, two KMT generals, kidnapped Chiang Kai-shek in Xi’an. This has since been referred to as the Xi’an Incident.
According to the CCP’s textbooks, the Xi’an Incident was a “military coup” initiated by Zhang and Yang, who delivered a life or death ultimatum to Chiang Kai-shek. He was forced to take a stance against the Japanese invaders. Zhou Enlai was reportedly invited to Xi’an as a CCP representative to help negotiate a peaceful resolution. With different groups in China mediating, the incident was resolved peacefully, thereby ending a civil war of ten years and starting a unified national alliance against the Japanese. The CCP history books say that this incident was a crucial turning point for China in her crisis. The CCP depicts itself as the patriotic party that takes the interests of the whole nation into account.
More and more documents have revealed that many CCP spies had already gathered around Yang Hucheng and Zhang Xueliang before the Xi’an Incident. Liu Ding, an underground CCP member was introduced to Zhang Xueliang by Song Qingling, wife of Sun Yat-sen, a sister of Madame Chiang and a CCP member. After the Xi’an Incident, Mao Zedong praised that, “Liu Ding performed meritorious service in Xi’an Incident.” Among those working at Yang Hucheng’s side, his own wife Xie Baozhen was a CCP member and worked in Yang’s Political Department of the Army. Xie married Yang Hucheng in January of 1928 with the approval of the CCP. In addition, CCP member Wang Bingnan was an honored guest in Yang’s home at the time. Wang later became a vice minister for the CCP Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It was these CCP members around Yang and Zhang who directly instigated the coup.
At the beginning of the incident, the leaders of the CCP wanted to kill Chiang Kai-shek, avenging his earlier suppression of the CCP. At that time, the CCP had a very weak base in northern Shaanxi province, and had been in danger of being completely eliminated in a single battle. The CCP, utilizing all its acquired skills of deception, instigated Zhang and Yang to revolt. In order to pin down the Japanese and prevent them from attacking the Soviet Union, Stalin personally wrote to the Central Committee of the CCP, asking them not to kill Chiang Kai-shek, but to cooperate with him for a second time. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai realized that they could not destroy the KMT with the limited strength of the CCP; if they killed Chiang Kai-shek, they would be defeated and even eliminated by the avenging KMT army. Under these circumstances, the CCP changed its tone. The CCP forced Chiang Kai-shek to accept cooperation a second time in the name of joint resistance against the Japanese.
The CCP first instigated a revolt, pointing the gun at Chiang Kai-shek, but then turned around and, acting like a stage hero, forced him to accept the CCP again. The CCP not only escaped a crisis of disintegration, but also used the opportunity to latch onto the KMT government for the second time. The Red Army was soon turned into the Eighth Route Army and grew bigger and more powerful than before. One must admire the CCP’s unmatchable skills of deception.
Anti-Japanese War—The CCP Grew by Killing with Borrowed Weapons
When the anti-Japanese war broke out in 1937, the KMT had more than 1.7 million armed soldiers, ships with 110,000 tons displacement, and about 600 fighter planes of various kinds. The total size of the CCP’s army including the New Fourth Army which was newly grouped in November of 1937, did not exceed 70,000 people.Its power was weakened further by internal fractional politics and could be eliminated in a single battle. The CCP realized that if it were to face battle with the Japanese, it would not be able to defeat even a single division of the Japanese troops. In the eyes of the CCP, sustaining its own power rather than ensuring the survival of the nation was the central focus of the emphasis on “national unity.” Therefore, during its cooperation with the KMT, the CCP exercised an internal policy of “giving priority to the struggle for political power, which is to be disclosed internally and realized in actual practice.”
After the Japanese occupied the city of Shenyang on September 18, 1931, thereby extending their control over large areas in northeastern China, the CCP fought shoulder to shoulder with Japanese invaders to defeat the KMT. In a declaration written in response to the Japanese occupation, the CCP exhorted the people in the KMT-controlled areas to rebel, calling on “workers to strike, peasants to make trouble, students to boycott classes, poor people to quit working, soldiers to revolt” so as to overthrow the Nationalist government.
The CCP held up a banner calling for resistance to the Japanese, but they only had local armies and guerrilla forces in camps away from the front lines. Except for a few battles, including the one fought at Pingxing Pass, the CCP did not make much of a contribution to the war against the Japanese at all. Instead, they spent their energy expanding their own base. When the Japanese surrendered, the CCP incorporated the surrendering soldiers into its army, claiming to have expanded to more than 900,000 regular soldiers, in addition to 2 million militia fighters. The KMT army was essentially alone on the frontlines while fighting the Japanese, losing over 200 marshalls in the war. The commanding officers on the CCP side bore nearly no losses. However, the textbooks of the CCP constantly claimed that the KMT did not resist the Japanese, and that it was the CCP that led the great victory in the anti-Japanese war.
Rectification in Yan’an—Creating the Most Fearsome Methods in Persecution
The CCP attracted countless patriotic youth to Yan’an in the name of fighting against the Japanese, but persecuted tens of thousands of them during the rectification movement in Yan’an. Since gaining control of China, the CCP has depicted Yan’an as the revolutionary “holy land,” but has not made any mention of the crimes it committed during the rectification.
The rectification movement in Yan’an was the largest, darkest and most ferocious power game ever played out in the human world. In the name of cleansing petty bourgeoisie toxins, the Party washed away morality, independence of thought, freedom of action, tolerance, and dignity. The first step of the rectification was to set up, for each person, personnel archives, which included: 1) a personal statement; 2) a chronicle of one's political life; 3) family background and social relationships; 4) autobiography and ideological transformation; 5) evaluation according to Party nature.
In the personnel archive, one had to list all acquaintances since birth, all important events and the time and place of their occurrence. People were asked to write repeatedly for the archive, and any omissions would be seen as signs of impurity. One had to describe all social activities they had ever participated in, especially those related to joining the Party. The emphasis was placed on personal thought processes during these social activities. Evaluation based on Party nature was even more important, and one had to confess any anti-Party thoughts or behavior in one’s consciousness, speech, work attitudes, everyday life, or social activities. For example, in evaluation of one’s consciousness, one was required to scrutinize whether one had been concerned for self-interest, whether one had used work for the Party to reach personal goals, whether one had wavered in trust in the revolutionary future, feared death during battles, or missed family members and spouses after joining in the party or the army. There were no objective standards, so nearly everyone was found to have problems.
Coercion was used to extract “confessions” from cadres who were being inspected in order to eliminate “hidden traitors.” Countless frame-ups and false and wrong accusations resulted, and a large number of cadres were persecuted. During the rectification, Yan’an was called “a place for purging human nature.” A work team entered the University of Military Affairs and Politics to examine the cadres’ personal histories, causing Red Terror for two months. Various methods were used to extract confessions, including extemporaneious confessions, demonstrative confessions, “group persuasions,” “five-minute persuasions,” private advice, conference reports, and identifying the “radishes” (i.e., red outside and white inside). There was also “picture taking”—lining up everyone on the stage for examination. Those who appeared nervous were identified as suspects and targeted as subjects to be investigated.
Even representatives from the Comintern recoiled at the methods used during the rectification, saying that the Yan’an situation was depressing. People did not dare interact with one another. Each person had his own axe to grind and everyone was nervous and frightened. No one dared to speak the truth or protect mistreated friends, because each was trying to save his own life. The vicious—those who flattered, lied, and insulted others—were promoted; humiliation became a fact of life in Yan’an – either humiliate other comrades or humiliate oneself. People were pushed to the brink of insanity, having been forced to abandon dignity, a sense of honor or shame, and love for one another in order to save their own lives and their own jobs. They ceased to express their own opinions, but recited party leaders’ articles instead.
This same system of oppression has been employed in all CCP political activities since it seized power in China.
Three Years of Civil War—Betraying the Country to Seize Power
The Russian Bourgeois Revolution in February 1917 was a relatively mild uprising. The Tsar placed the interests of the country first and surrendered the throne instead of resisting. Lenin hurriedly returned to Russia from Germany, staged another coup, and in the name of communist revolution murdered the revolutionaries of the capitalist class who had overthrown the Tsar, thus strangling Russia’s bourgeois revolution. The CCP, like Lenin, picked the fruits of a nationalist revolution. After the anti-Japanese war was over, the CCP launched a so-called “War of Liberation” (1946-1949) to overthrow the KMT government, bringing the disaster of war to China once more.
The CCP is well known for its “huge-crowd strategy,” the sacrifice of massive casualties and deaths to win a battle. In several battles with the KMT, including those fought in Liaoxi-Shenyang, Beijing-Tianjin, and Huai Hai [20], the CCP used these most primitive, barbarous, and inhumane tactics that sacrificed huge numbers of its own people. When besieging Changchun city in Jilin Province in Northeast China, in order to exhaust the food supply in the city, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) was ordered to forbid ordinary people from leaving the city. During the two months of Changchun’s besiegement, nearly 200,000 people died of hunger and frost. But the PLA did not allow people to leave. After the battle was over, the CCP, without a tinge of shame, claimed that they had “liberated Changchun without firing a shot.”
From 1947 to 1948, the CCP signed the “Harbin Agreement” and the “Moscow Agreement” with the Soviet Union, surrendering national assets and giving away resources from the Northeast in exchange for the Soviet Union’s full support in foreign relations and military affairs. According to the agreements, the Soviet Union would supply the CCP with 50 airplanes; it would give the CCP weapons left by the surrendered Japanese in two installments; and it would sell the Soviet-controlled ammunition and military supplies in China’s Northeast to the CCP at low prices. If the KMT launched an amphibious landing in the Northeast, the Soviet Union would secretly support the CCP army. In addition, the Soviet Union would help the CCP gain control over Xinjiang in Northwest China; the CCP and the Soviet Union would build an allied air force; the Soviets would help equip 11 divisions of the CCP army, and transport one-third of its US-supplied weapons (worth $13 billion) into Northeast China.
To gain Soviet support, the CCP promised the Soviet Union special transportation privileges in the Northeast both on land and in the air; offered the Soviet Union information about the actions of both the KMT government and the US military; provided the Soviet Union with products from the Northeast (cotton, soybeans) and military supplies in exchange for advanced weapons; granted the Soviet Union preferential mining rights in China; allowed the Soviet Union to station armies in the Northeast and Xinjiang; and permitted the Soviets to set up the Far East Intelligence Bureau in China. If war broke out in Europe, the CCP would send an expeditionary army of 100,000 plus 2 million laborers to support the Soviet Union. In addition, the CCP promised to merge some special regions in Liaoning province into North Korea if necessary.
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